diff --git a/src/utils/course-utils.ts b/src/utils/course-utils.ts
index 521f4fc..775e697 100644
--- a/src/utils/course-utils.ts
+++ b/src/utils/course-utils.ts
@@ -1,28 +1,26 @@
-import type { CollectionEntry } from 'astro:content';
+import type { Courses } from '../types/codyops-courses';
 
 export const getUniqueCategories = (
-  courses: Array<CollectionEntry<'courses'>>
+  courses: Courses[]
 ) => {
   const coursesEntries = courses.flatMap(
-    // @ts-ignore
-    // eslint-disable-next-line no-unsafe-optional-chaining
-    (course: CollectionEntry<'courses'>) => [...course?.data?.categories]
+    (course: Courses) => [...course.category]
   );
   return [...new Set(coursesEntries)];
 };
 
-export const getUniqueLevels = (courses: CollectionEntry<'courses'>[]) => {
+export const getUniqueLevels = (courses: Courses[]) => {
   const coursesEntries = courses.map(
-    (course: CollectionEntry<'courses'>) => course.data.level
+    (course: Courses) => course.level
   );
   return [...new Set(coursesEntries)];
 };
 
-export const sortCoursesByDate = (posts: CollectionEntry<'courses'>[]) =>
-  posts
-    .filter(({ data }) => !data?.draft)
+export const sortCoursesByDate = (courses: Courses[]) =>
+  courses
+    .filter((course) => course.status !== 'draft') // Assuming 'draft' status is used instead of a 'draft' property
     .sort(
       (a, b) =>
-        Math.floor(new Date(b?.data?.date).getTime() / 1000) -
-        Math.floor(new Date(a?.data?.date).getTime() / 1000)
+        Math.floor(new Date(b.date_created || '').getTime() / 1000) -
+        Math.floor(new Date(a.date_created || '').getTime() / 1000)
     );
diff --git a/src/utils/from-snake-case.ts b/src/utils/from-snake-case.ts
index 8cef6d4..7d0e8e0 100644
--- a/src/utils/from-snake-case.ts
+++ b/src/utils/from-snake-case.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-export const fromSnakeCase = (text: any) => {
-  return text.replace(/-/g, ' ').replace(/\b\w/g, (word) => word.toUpperCase());
+export const fromSnakeCase = (text: string) => {
+  return text.replace(/-/g, ' ').replace(/\b\w/g, (word: string) => word.toUpperCase());
 };
diff --git a/src/utils/time.ts b/src/utils/time.ts
index fb0b52b..ea0ad90 100644
--- a/src/utils/time.ts
+++ b/src/utils/time.ts
@@ -1,23 +1,35 @@
-function parseTime(time) {
-    const [hours, minutes, milliseconds] = time.split(':').map(Number);
+interface TimeParts {
+  hours: number;
+  minutes: number;
+  milliseconds: number;
+}
+
+interface TimeResult {
+  hours: number;
+  minutes: number;
+}
+
+function parseTime(time: string | null | undefined): TimeParts {
+    const safeTime = time || '0:0:0'; // Provide a default string if time is null/undefined/empty
+    const [hours, minutes, milliseconds] = safeTime.split(':').map(Number);
     return { hours, minutes, milliseconds };
 }
   
-function timeToMilliseconds({ hours, minutes, milliseconds }) {
+function timeToMilliseconds({ hours, minutes, milliseconds }: TimeParts): number {
     return (hours * 60 * 60 * 1000) + (minutes * 60 * 1000) + milliseconds;
 }
   
-function millisecondsToTime(ms) {
+function millisecondsToTime(ms: number): TimeResult {
     const totalMinutes = Math.floor(ms / (60 * 1000));
     const hours = Math.floor(totalMinutes / 60);
     const minutes = totalMinutes % 60;
     return { hours, minutes };
 }
   
-export function sumTimes(times) {
+export function sumTimes(times: string[]): TimeResult {
     const totalMilliseconds = times
       .map(parseTime)
       .map(timeToMilliseconds)
-      .reduce((acc, ms) => acc + ms, 0);
+      .reduce((acc: number, ms: number) => acc + ms, 0);
     return millisecondsToTime(totalMilliseconds);
 }